Study April 19 2021 Step1

April 22 2021: Friday

• Prednisone/steroids promote osteoclastic activity AND inhibit osteoblastic activity –> promote bone resorption

• Esophagus –> Ring like indentations, linear furrowing scattered whitish papules (e. microabscess) –> Eosinophilic Esophagitis

• Enlarged BUT Nontender Gallbladder –> Pancreatic adenocarcinoma –> Painless Obsstructive Jaundice

• CD31 – PECAM1 –> Transmigration

• CD54 – ICAM –> Adhesion

• Aspirin –> mitochondrial injury –> impaired fatty acid metabolism –> microvesicular steatosis –> small fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm without necrosis –> REYE SYNDROME

• Chelating agents
  • Phosphate binder: Calcium acetate –> exchanges calcium for phosphate – use din endstage kidney
  • sodium polystryene rasin: exchange intraluminal sodium with potassium –> used for Hyperkalemia

• Rifaximin: also used for travellers diarrhea –> inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dep-RNA polymerase

• SECRETIN –> when there is acid and fat in the small intestine –> secretin released from Duodenum –> (-) Gastrin release, (+) HCO3 release
  • IN GASTRINOMA: opposite –> secretin –(+)> Gastrin release
• HepA: frequent travellers, young adults –> hepatocyte necrosis(swelling) & apoptosis(shrinkage)

April 20 2021: Tuesday

April 19 2021: Monday

• Clozapine –> transiently, loosely binds to D2 dopamine receptors –> may cause seizures, myocarditis

• Baroreceptors
  • Increase Baro Firing – Inc Parasympathetic Firing
  • Decrease Baro firing –> Decrease Parasymp Firing

• HumanDrugResistance gene–> MDR1 –> P-Glycoprotein –> ATP Dep transmembrane protein –> CNS barrier/intestinal/renal tubular epithemlium –> removes foreight chemicals. CANCER: removes drug: anthracyclines

• GVHD: invovles SKIN, GI
  • Diffuse maculopapular rash
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
• CHRONIC Alcholics = Vitamin def: also B2 (riboflavin!)
  • Delirium: hallucinations
  • Delirium Tremends: hallucinations + restlessness + elevated Vital Signs!!!!!!!!!
• LAC OPERON
  • Z: beta galactosidase –> Lactose to Glu and Gal
  • Y: permease (Inc permeability of cell to lactose)
  • a: transacetylator

• Sick Sinus Syndrome –> Age related degeneration of Sinoatrial node –> Junctional Skipped beat, delayed or absent P wave

• bundle branch block –> Wide QRS Complex

• Narrow QRS –> Escaped Junctional beat

• Ectopic ACTH –> Sever Hypercortisol –> activation of mineralocorticoids –> Aldosterone

• For example: in Cancers – ectopic acth production (lungs)

• Serine Protease –> PCSK9 —> inhibited by evolumab

• Where are catalase, uric acid oxidase, d-aminoacid oxidase produced?

• Peroxisomes, high in liver and kidney –> detoxifies!

• snRNP: a non coding RNA, transcribed by RNA Polymerase II which then associates with specific proteins.

• Splicesosome: Collection of snRNPs

• Associations of Polycythemia Vera
• Gouty arhtirtis (cell turn over!)
• peptic ulcer disease (viscus blood – !flow)